Cohen & Gresser's Washington, D.C. lawyers have been recognized in the 2024 Super Lawyers guide.

Each year, Super Lawyers identifies outstanding lawyers nationwide and regionally who have attained a high degree of peer recognition and professional achievement. Only 5 percent of lawyers are selected as Super Lawyers, and only 2.5 percent are selected as Rising Stars. This latest guide recognizes 100 percent of our D.C. partners and associates.

The C&G lawyers recognized as Washington, D.C. Super Lawyers are:

• Melissa H. Maxman – Antitrust Litigation
• John Roberti – Antitrust Litigation
• Ronald F. Wick – Antitrust Litigation

The C&G lawyers recognized as Washington, D.C. Rising Stars are:

• Derek Jackson – Business Litigation
• Alisa Lu – Business Litigation

On August 20, 2024, Judge Ada Brown of the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Texas granted a nationwide injunction setting aside the Federal Trade Commission’s (“FTC”) rule banning most non-compete clauses in employment contracts. As a result, the rule will not take effect on September 4, 2024 as scheduled, and businesses can put on hold their plans to notify employees and revise employment agreements to comply with the rule. However, multiple lawsuits concerning the rule remain pending, one of which has reached a contradictory preliminary result. Companies can therefore expect continuing litigation and appeals before the rule’s fate is decided.

The case in Texas is brought by Ryan LLC, a tax services and software provider, and several business groups led by the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, which were permitted to intervene as plaintiffs after their separate challenge was stayed to allow Ryan’s lawsuit to proceed. The plaintiffs allege that the non-compete ban, announced by the FTC in April, exceeds the FTC’s statutory authority, and that any statutory authority the FTC might have to adopt the ban is an unconstitutional delegation of legislative power.

After initially issuing a preliminary injunction in July that enjoined enforcement of the rule only as to the specific plaintiffs in the suit, Judge Brown modified the scope of her ruling at the summary judgment stage to extend to all impacted parties nationwide. Judge Brown held that the rule exceeds the FTC’s statutory authority because Congress, through the FTC Act, granted the agency authority to enact only procedural rules concerning unfair methods of competition, and not substantive rules. Additionally, Judge Brown held that the rule is arbitrary and capricious given its breadth in applying to almost all non-compete clauses.

The rule would prohibit employers from entering into, attempting to enter into, enforcing, or attempting to enforce a non-compete clause, which is defined broadly under the rule. Existing non-compete clauses for senior executives (workers who earn more than $151,164 annually and are in policy-making positions) would be allowed to remain in force, and a handful of other exceptions would apply (including, for example, non-competes entered into pursuant to the bona fide sale of a business entity, or those involving a franchise in the context of a franchisor-franchisee relationship). However, after the rule takes effect, all new non-compete clauses that do not fall under these exceptions would be prohibited, including for senior executives.

Employers would not be required to formally rescind non-compete clauses that are rendered unenforceable by the rule, but they would be required to provide notice to workers (other than senior executives) who are bound by existing non-compete clauses that those clauses will not be enforced.

Other lawsuits challenging the rule remain pending. In ATS Tree Services, LLC v. FTC, Judge Kelley B. Hodge of the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania declined in July to grant the plaintiff’s requested preliminary injunction to stay enforcement of the rule, concluding that the plaintiff was unlikely to succeed on the merits. The case is scheduled to move forward with summary judgment briefing this fall, should the plaintiff elect to proceed with the case in light of Judge Brown’s ruling. More recently, a judge of the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Florida granted a preliminary injunction in Properties of the Villages, Inc. v. FTC, although that order limited the effect of the injunction to the plaintiff in the case.

While the FTC has not yet formally responded to the Texas decision, an appeal seems likely. Particularly given the conflicting decisions in different courts, it is all but certain that the validity of the rule ultimately will be decided at the appellate level, and well after September 4. For the moment, however, businesses can put their preparations for compliance with the rule on hold while they await further developments in the appellate process.

Last month, the Department of Justice Antitrust Division and the Federal Trade Commission (collectively, the Agencies) released the 2023 Merger Guidelines. The Guidelines are the latest iteration of a guidance document published by the Agencies since 1968, which has been revised numerous times over the years.

In this C&G Client Alert, Ronald Wick, John Roberti, and Derek Jackson write that the newest Guidelines articulate a more comprehensive and aggressive approach to merger enforcement than contemplated in recent iterations, and explore the most significant changes.

Twice in the past month, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) unanimously announced consent decrees that are a strong signal of the current Commission’s intent to investigate private equity transactions aggressively.

• The consent decrees allow the private equity fund JAB Consumer Partners SCA SICAR's National Veterinary Associates to close two recent deals with some divestitures but also impose a series of strict prior notice requirements that are unprecedented in their breadth.
• The announcements come a month after the confirmation of a fifth commissioner that gave the Democrats a 3-2 majority on the FTC.
• As long as Democrats control the majority, private equity firms should be prepared for additional scrutiny and be cognizant of other competition issues that may impact them.

In this client alert, John Roberti, Melissa Maxman, Ronald Wick, David Lisner, and Derek Jackson discuss the potential implications of these rulings for private equity firms and offer insight into how PE firms can be more cognizant of competition and antitrust compliance issues that may pose a potential risk moving forward.  

Derek Jackson co-hosted a conversation about the new Draft EU Guidelines on exclusionary abuses of dominance, as part of the American Bar Association Antitrust Law Section's podcast, Our Curious Amalgam.

Listen to this episode to learn more about the components of the draft, including the Commission’s two-stage approach for analysing potential exclusionary abuses of dominance and the available defences, as well as the implications for the guidelines of the Google Shopping ECJ judgment that deals with self-preferencing as an abuse.

Derek Jackson recently co-hosted a timely conversation as part of the American Bar Association Antitrust Law Section's podcast, Our Curious Amalgam.

In recent congressional testimony, FTC Chair Lina Khan definitively declared that there is no ESG antitrust exemption. How can companies avoid violating the antitrust laws while still complying with demands from their shareholders and other constituents to conduct business consistent with policies that are environmentally and socially sensitive, and promote good public policy?

Melissa Maxman participated in the discussion, which addressed the intersection between ESG and the Sherman Act.

Listen to this episode to learn more about whether existing antitrust exemptions, such as Noerr-Pennington, can affect business decisions about ESG.